Bibliography and Citations

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Spaulding E.S.  1949.  Mountain quail: Oreortyx picta.
Speakman J.R, Webb P.I, Racey P.A.  1991.  Effects of disturbance on the energy expenditure of hibernating bats.  Journal of Applied Ecology.  28:1087-1104.
Spear L.B.  1988.  988. Dispersal patterns of western gulls from Southeast Farallon Island.  Auk.  105:128-141.
Spear S.  2012.  Habitat connectivity for western rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus) in the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion. Appendix A.9 in: Washington Wildlife Habitat Connectivity Working Grp. Washington connected landscapes project: analysis of the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion. Cosentino B, Hall B, Kavanagh D, McRae B, Shirk A, editors. Olympia (WA): Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; Washington Department of Transportation.   p. A.9-1–A.9-27.  Available from http://www.waconnected.org/wp-content/themes/whcwg/docs/A9_Rattlesnake_ColumbiaPlateau_2012a.pdf
Spear SF, Storfer A.  2010.  Anthropogenic and natural disturbance lead to differing patterns of gene flow in the Rocky Mountain tailed frog, Ascaphus montanus.  Biological Conservation.  143(3):778-786.  Available from http://public.wsu.edu/~storfer/pdfs/spear_storfer_10.pdf, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320709005291
Speart J..  1994.  The case of the wandering bull.  National Wildlife.  February/March 1994:14-17.
Speirs J.M.  1940.  Mortality of barn owls at Champaign, Illinois.  Auk.  57:571.
Speirs D.C.  1978.  The cacti of western Canada.  National Cactus and Succulent Journal.  33(4):83-84.
Spellenberg R, Earle CJ, Nelson G, Hughes AK.  2014.  Trees of Western North America. Princeton Field Guides.  Princeton (New Jersey): Princeton University Press.  
Spence J.R.  1985.  Checklist of the mosses of Grand Teton National Park and Teton County, Wyoming.  Great Basin Naturalist.  45(1):124-126.
Spence J.RBryum H.  1988.  Bryum Hedw. (Bryaceae) in western North America.  Bryologist.  91(2):73-85.
Spence J.R.  1987.  The montane moss flora of southwestern British Columbia and northwestern Washington State.  Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory.  62:417-483.
Spence J.R.  1986.  Bryum calobryoides, a new species from western North America.  Bryologist.  89(3):215-218.
Spence J.R.  1988.  Checklist of the mosses of the Intermountain West, USA.  Great Basin Naturalist.  48(3):394-401.
Sperduto DD, Nichols WF, Jones MT.  2023.  Non-native vascular flora of alpine areas in the White Mountains, New Hampshire, USA.  Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research.  55(1):32.  Available from https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2023.2243704
Speth R.L, Pritchett CL, Jorgensen CD.  1968.  Reproductive activity of Perognathus parvus.  Journal of Mammalogy.  49(2):336-337.
Spillett J..  1985.  Letter to Pat Hayward regarding boreal owl survey results in the Caribou National Forest.  
Spinazola J..  1989.  Outline of the range of California bighorn sheep population, Cottonwood Creek population, drawn on the Buckhorn Canyon (7.5') quadrangle.  
Spinazola J.  1989.  Outline of California Bighorn Sheep ranges on Riddle (1:250,000) quadrangle: East Fork Owyhee River Canyon population.  
Spinazola J..  1989.  Outline of California Bighorn Sheep Range on Sheep Creek (1:250,000) quadrangle: Bruneau/ Jarbidge population.  
Spinks J.L, McIlwain J.P, Vernimen R., Walker K.G.  1979.  Endangered species on federal lands.  Great Basin Naturalist.  No. 3:159-170.
Spinks PQ, Pauly GB, Crayon JJ, H. Shaffer B.  2003.  Survival of the western pond turtle (Emys marmorata) in an urban California environment.  Biological Conservation.  113(2):257-267.  Available from http://www.nhm.org/site/sites/default/files/herpetology/pdf/SpinksEtAl2003_marms.pdf
Spira TP, Pollak OD.  1986.  Comparative reproductive biology of alpine biennial and perennial gentians (Gentiana: Gentianaceae) in California.  American Journal of Botany.  73(1):39-47.
Spira TP.  1984.  Comparitive demography of alpine biennial and perennial gentians (Gentiana spp.) in California.  American Journal of Botany.  71 (5 Part 2):90.
Spotila JR.  1972.  Role of temperature and water in the ecology of lungless salamanders.  Ecological Monographs.  73(1):95-125.