The role of private agencies in natural area preservation

Publication Type:

Journal Article

Authors:

Goodwin, Richard H.

Source:

Bioscience, American Institute of Biological Sciences, Volume 18, Issue 5, p.393-395 (1968)

Call Number:

A68GOO01IDUS

Abstract:

The preservation of natural areas on a permanent basis has, until rather recently, been a neglected area of national concern. The most noteworthy exception to this generalization is our splendid National Park System. Natural areas, as we are discussing them in this conference, are tracts of wild land upon which the foot of man is but lightly laid; places where ecological forces are allowed to operate relatively undisturbed; where biological communities, with all their fascinating relationships and complex interactions, may be studied; and where some of our rare plants and animals may find sanctuary. At the risk of oversimplification, I will attempt a brief comparison between public and private action in the preservation of natural areas. At the federal level, preservation has usually involved large tracts, as in the case of the National Parks and Wildlife Refuges, but smaller natural areas have been set aside within some of the National Forests by the U.S. Forest service and more recently within the public domain by action of the Bureau of Land Management. Most of these past accomplishments have involved the dedication of public lands. Now, however, further action in many sections of the country must be through purchase. Although large sums may become available to the government through appropriations or private philanthropy, action is often hampered by the necessity for specific legislative approval. Prices may become escalated and plans modified by political pressures. Acquisitions are frequently mission-oriented, e.g., for recreation in the National Parks and for wildlife management of game species in the Wildlife Refuges. One great advantage of a public acquisition program is the possibility of exercising eminent domain; another, is the avoidance of real estate taxes. Private action, on the other hand, has certain distinct advantages. Relatively small tracts may be considered. In the more densely populated portions of the country these may represent the only natural habitat still available for preservation, and for the very same reason these are likely to have especially high scientific and educational value. Private action can be rapid and flexible, free from political manipulation and independent of voter support. It is obvious, however, that land can only be obtained through philanthropy when donors are sympathetic with the objectives of a natural area program.