Conservation and Management of Whitebark Pine Ecosystems on Bureau of Land Management Lands in the Western United States

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Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.), an important component of western high-elevation forests, has been declining in both the United States and Canada from the combined effects of the exotic disease white pine blister rust (caused by the pathogen Cronartium ribicola), mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreaks, altered fire regimes, and climate change. These combined threats have led to the recent listing of whitebark pine as a highpriority Candidate Species under the Endangered Species Act. <br> This reference presents general guidelines for planning, implementing, and evaluating whitebark pine conservation and management activities on lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management. It is adapted from three important strategies: <br> • “A Range-Wide Restoration Strategy for Whitebark Pine (Pinus albicaulis)” (Keane et al. 2012) <br> • “Whitebark Pine Strategy for the Greater Yellowstone Area” (Greater Yellowstone Coordinating Committee - Whitebark Pine Subcommittee 2011) <br> • “Whitebark Pine Restoration Strategy for the Pacific Northwest Region 2009–2013” (Aubry et al. 2008) <br>

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Reference Code: U16PER01IDUS <br>

Full Citation: Perkins, D.L., R.E. Means, and A.C. Cochrane. 2016. Conservation and Management of Whitebark Pine Ecosystems on
Bureau of Land Management Lands in the Western United States. Technical Reference 6711-1. Bureau of Land
Management, Denver, Colorado. <br>

Location: ELECTRONIC FILE - BOTANY: PLANT SPECIES: {Pinus albicaulis} <br>

Keywords: Pinus albicaulis, ecosystem conservation, white pine blister rust, mountain pine beetle, climate change, high elevation <br>